雇佣未成年人

Working hours for minors 14 and 15 years old are restricted to the following periods of employment in any of the qualified occupations: (29 C.F.R. 570.35(a))在上课期间:

• 每周不超过18小时
• 上课时间不超过3小时
• 课外时间
• 7点到7点之间.m. 7分.m. in any one day, except during the summer (June 1 - Labor Day) when the evening hour will be 9 p.m. 当学校不上课时:
• 每周不超过40小时
• 每天不超过8小时.

Working hours for minors at least 16 years old are not restricted.

根据29 C.F.R. 570.33, minors 14 and 15 years old are not permitted to work in occupations that involve:

• duties declared off-limits to minors between 16 and 17 years of age, such as the performance of any duties (except for office or sales work) on trains, 机动车辆, 飞机, 船舶或者其他运输方式;
• 制造业, 矿业, 或者加工职业, including those occupations requiring the performance of duties in work places where goods are manufactured, 开采, 或以其他方式处理;
• the operation or tending of hoisting apparatus or of any power-driven machinery other than office machines;
• the operation of 机动车辆 or service as helpers on such vehicles;
• 公共信使服务;
• transportation of persons or property by rail, highway, air, water, pipeline, or other means;
• 仓储;
• 通讯及公用事业;
• 施工(含拆修);
• 在锅炉或机舱内或其周围进行的工作;
• work in connection with maintenance or repair of the establishment, machines or equipment;
• outside window washing that involves working from window sills,以及所有需要使用梯子的工作, 支架或其替代品;
• loading and unloading goods to and from trucks, railroad cars or conveyors.

An employee must be 18 years of age to work in any non-agricultural occupation declared by the Secretary of Labor to be hazardous to the health or well-being of minors. Minors 16 and 17 cannot work in occupations that involve:

• driving a motor vehicle or helping outside on any public road or highway, 除非车辆不超过6,000 pounds and driving is incidental (not essential) and occasional to the minor’s employment and restricted to daylight hours, and the minor has completed a state approved driver education course and holds a state license valid for the type of driving being performed. 除了, the vehicle must have a seat belt or similar device for both the driver and any helper and the minor(s) must have been instructed in the use of these devices. These exceptions do not apply to any occupations that involve driving or towing vehicles or driving in or around any mine (including open pit or quarry), 正在进行的伐木或锯木厂作业, 或任何类型的挖掘区域.
• 操作动力驱动的木工机械, including supervising or controlling the operation of and feeding or helping the operator feed material into such machines, but not including the placing of material on a moving chair or in a hopper or slide for automatic feeding.
• 操作电梯, 起重机, 吊杆, 起重机或高起重卡车, with the exception of an unattended automatic passenger elevator or an electric or air operated hoist not exceeding one ton capacity.
• 协助吊车工人, 起重机追逐者, 吊索上的妓女, rigger helpers and like occupations with the operation of a 起重机, 吊杆或起重机.
• 乘电梯或货梯的, except on a freight elevator operated by an assigned operator. Operating automatic elevators and automatic signal elevators is allowed provided the elevators meet all safety requirements of 29 C. F.R. 570.58 (c).
• 操作或协助操作的(包括设置), 调整, 修复, oiling or cleaning) the following power-driven fixed or portable machines: circular saws, 带锯和断头台剪), except machines equipped with full automatic feed and ejection.
• working in wrecking, demolishing and shipwrecking operations.
• 从事屋顶施工工作.
• 挖掘, including working in or backfilling (refilling) trenches, except manually 挖掘 and backfilling or working in trenches that do not exceed four feet in depth at any point.
• 挖掘 for buildings or other structures or working in such excavations, except manually 挖掘 or working to a depth not to exceed four feet below any ground surface adjoining the excavation or in any excavation where the side walls are shored or sloped to the angle of repose.
• working in tunnels prior to the completion of all driving and shoring operations, and working in shafts prior to the completion of all sinking and shoring operations.